Henri Saint Simon The Father Of Sociology - 878 Words

Henri Saint Simon, also known as the father of Sociology more so than Auguste Comte, also viewed society as a living organism. He coined the term social physiology, which was viewed as a new science and religion. His Sociology focused on the concept of social physiology, where reason, science, intelligence, and rationality would produce a stable society. He did believe that in order to restore society and bring it back to its peaceful state that we had to back track to the boundaries of the eighteenth century, but he knew something knew was needed. And this is what the final chapter in America was all about. America was done sitting around waiting for the perfect time to impose upon the president to let him know that his help was needed. Because as stated before, in order for any relationship to function properly and healthily, there must be communication at all levels for every matter, no matter how big or small. What may be small or easy to deal with to one person may be bur densome and difficult to another. So when there are issues they need to be addressed and dealt with in a way that aims to please the one who originally had the problem and those who it may affect as well. It was time for America to actually start serving its people, providing, and giving its people what they need to flourish, which will then in turn help the society to flourish. That â€Å"something new† that was needed to bring the society back together, to bring it back to life, back into aShow MoreRelatedSociology: The Study of Humanity Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesHowever new you are to sociology it is probable that you have an idea, however vague and general, regarding what sociology is supposed to be about. It may be that you have an idea that sociology is about people. And you would be right to think so. We might start then by noting that sociology is one of the human sciences and as such it is a subject to be distinguished from the so-called physical sciences. Sociology is the study of humanity. However this description of sociology is only partiallyRead MoreKarl Marx s Influence On The Social And Political Fields2376 Words   |  10 Pagesrevise it to work within their government to improve its society. Karl Heinrich Marx, born May 5, 1818 into a white-collar class home in Trier on the stream of Moselle came from a lineage of rabbis. Although born Jewish, when the laws forbad his father, a lawyer, to advance his social class, they converted to Lutheranism, yet did not practice Christianity. Openly an atheist, Marx’ ideology was based heavily on a more socialistic communism view, which theorists believed was a religion within itselfRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesAnalysis of Risk and Regulation. He is Associate Editor of Accounting, Organizations and Society, and is also a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Management Accounting Research. He has published widely in accounting, management, and sociology journals. He co-edited (with Anthony Hopwood) Accounting as Social and Institutional Practice (Cambridge University Press, 1994). He is currently working on the roles of accounting in relation to the changing political vocabulary of public serviceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEffective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving PeopleRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesdeveloped in Europe: Max Weber, a Jones−George: Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 2. The Evolution of Management Thought  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2005 27 50 Chapter Two German professor of sociology, developed one theory; Henri Fayol, the French manager who developed the model of management introduced in Chapter 1, developed the other. The Theory of Bureaucracy bureaucracy A formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efï ¬ ciency

Christianinty in Beowulf - 686 Words

Beowulf is an epic poem that is highly revered by scholars. The poem focalizes on the hero Beowulf – a Geat belonging to Sweden – and his journey to capturing immortality through his achievements and legacy: Beowulf secures victories in vicious fights with baneful creatures. A religious presence – of both Christian and Pagan beliefs – seems to be steadfast, all through Beowulf’s battles; on the account of these battles, readers can infer that even the strongest heroes need spiritual assistance or motivation to succeed. During the period of Beowulf‘s conception, pagan practices were prominent. The pagan society believed in the idea of fame: the society did not believe in the concept of the afterlife, so the only way people saw to transcend their lives – ‘life on after death’– was to achieve a legacy that was brimful of fame, or glory. Beowulf is no exception to this practice. Beowulf’s victories sprung from the motivation of attaining glory. In the midst of the battle against Grendel’s mother, â€Å"Hygelac’s Kinsman [Beowulf] kept thinking about / his name and fame: he never lost heart. / â€Å"(107). Beowulf is egged on, by his name and glory, to achieve victory over Grendel’s mother, whilst he was struggling: his sword â€Å"refused to bite† (105), and Grendel’s mother was beginning to lead during the battle. Being egged on by pagan beliefs, Beowulf is able to secure victory, and â€Å"his glory was secure[d]/† (113).Beowulf motivation, of fame and glory, is also ascertained in his

Human Behavior And The Functions Of Humans - 1632 Words

Today, we use psychology to study human behavior and the functions of humans. We incorporate science to help us test possible theories and proceed with experiments that could help bring answers to society. The biggest thing with Science is that theories and hypotheses must be falsifiable and replicable. Science must have terms that can be universally used and understood by everyone. Descartes, James, Freud and Skinner all had trouble grasping that idea. Flanagan goes into detail about these famous old-time philosophers that all had different opinions on the mind-body problem and self-knowledge, and all used different methodologies to help justify their theories. One of the earliest theorists, Rene Descartes, believed that there could be a science of Psychology. While studying automata in the French Royal Gardens, he came up with the idea of the reflex arc to try to explain human behavior, but later found out that human behavior is far more complex that this method actually allowed. Descartes believed in self-knowledge as well, which means understanding what you are feeling, you are your own mind-reader. It was thought by Rene that the mind and body were completely separated and materialism was false, this was referred to as the mind-stuff theory, the mind was immaterial, while the body was all material. Humans minds are infinite and free, there are no distinct parts like our materialistic bodies have. Although, many have doubted this concept of separation, Descartes wasShow MoreRelatedHuman Behavior And The Way Humans Function1732 Words   |  7 PagesTo draw conclusions about human behavior and the way humans function, personality theory u ses a distinct perspective. Behaviorists essentially focus on an individual’s behavior, and how environment affects that behavior. In the case of Ms. Smith, she has experienced cognitive decline for the past five years, as well as a change in personality and behavior within the past year. Ms. Smith struggles with remembering responsibilities such as paying bills and other mundane activities; she has difficultyRead MoreEssay on Understanding Consciousness1728 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Consciousness This paper encompasses an analysis of physiological psychology, the relationship between the human nervous system and behavior, and an evaluation of historical figures in the field of physiological psychology The Biopsychological Approach to Understanding Consciousness The process of understanding awareness can be complex. Understanding that there are different spectrums of consciousness and that each type represents different principles is the best approach to understandingRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Optimizing Role For Shaping Organizational And Employee Behavior Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The primary function of Human Resource Management is increasing the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of organization’s goals and objectives. For attaining the goals of the organization, the employees need to work effectively and perform at their best. To get appropriate outcome, the human resource department considers aspects like, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, human resource developmentRead MoreThe Philosophical Beliefs Of Substance Dualism And Modern Materialism953 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Dualism and modern Materialism The tradition of Substance Dualism was formulated by Rene Descartes to define the differing modes of the soul that function in the human mind. The dualistic aspect of this philosophy is based on the presence of a higher power, such as God, that provides the essence of the mind through the soul, yet the human body is separated from this process. Therefore, Descartes sought to divide the mind from the material body as a method of defining the limitations of theRead MoreAdvanced Level Of Technology And The Human Brain999 Words   |  4 Pagesintelligence and eventually out perform the human brain. The problem is not just a struggle between the human brain and the computer processing unit of a machine, but whether or not human engineering and programing is as good or better than mother nature and evolution is or will ever be. The race to develop artificial intelligence that is capable cognitive awareness ultimately turns into a battle between the evolutionary process of nature and the accelerated progress of human science. However, science and natureRead MoreNatural Sciences And Human Sciences1560 Words   |  7 Pagestechnologies, natural sciences have been able to use that knowledge to create great changes in the world. However, even today some areas of knowledge seek to only describe the world. Human sciences, is an example of this, as it often only generates theories that describe processes or behaviors. Both natural sciences and human sciences, use description as a way to explain the transformation of the world, however when seeking to gain more knowledge to transform the world it is essential to take into considerationRead MoreInfluences of Heredity and Hormones on Human Behavior and Character623 Words   |  3 PagesAbstract This paper examines influences of heredity and hormones on human behavior and character. It also discusses the function of the endocrine system, the organs and hormones that they secrete. Nonetheless, the paper looks at genetics and evolutionary psychology in light of transference of behavior from parents to off springs or one generation to another. Heredity and Hormones Heredity is the transferring of biological qualities from the parents to the offspring via the genes. The genes areRead MoreComputer Vs. Artificial Intelligence926 Words   |  4 PagesHumans and computers both originate from man whether it be biologically or mechanically. Both humans and computers A man can have a plethora of children and also build a computer. As both his Both computers and man are a creation of man. When faced with a problem, human and computers seem to come to a solution in similar ways. In both cases, information is â€Å"placed† in humans and computers by other humans. However, knowing information does not making a single being intelligence, understanding andRead MoreFree Will And The Science Of The Brain1247 Words   |  5 Pagesin Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brain†. The author has made several points about the topic and has shared some researchers which either proves that the point is right or shows that it is quite wrong. However , his main argument is that human beings have been made believe the fact that their minds control the functioning of the whole body and all their thought process, as well as all the things they do, is not the correct assumption. The two parts of the brain are not even familiar withRead MoreThe Long Term Performance Of A Company1558 Words   |  7 Pagesattention to human resources, since the quality and skills of the latter are a real competitive advantage for companies operating in all sectors. In the last decade, in particular, the companies have been faced with a reality characterized by deep technological revolutions, consequently making the changes in the professions. The importance of skills, knowledge and continuous learning skills was vital for companies, thus showing interest in cornering and retain the most talented people. The Human Resources

Immanuel Kant s Moral Philosophy - 2217 Words

Introduction: What is moral philosophy? Moral philosophy refers to the branch of philosophy concerned with ethics, in other words, What actions are right or wrong in particular circumstances?. Although there are two apparent options to choose from (the ‘right’ one, and the ‘wrong’ one), morals and ethics are more complicated than what we perceive it to be at first glance. For example, who decides which of the two is the more morally ‘correct’ option? What one perceives to be the ‘right’ option, may be an incorrect option to another person. So which person is morally correct? We can now clearly see how subjective morals and ethics can be. Although you may now come to the conclusion that there is no right option, and that the morally correct option is simply an opinion, various renowned philosophers have set out on a mission to identify the best method to determine the most morally correct action. Who was Immanuel Kant? Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is one of the most influential philosophers, renowned for his contribution to various branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics, and ethics. In relation to the most morally ‘correct’ philosophy, Kant was a vigorous advocate of deontology. He was a firm believer that reason (rational thinking) is the source of morality, that is, our actions should not be influenced by emotions (particularly happiness), but purely based off duty and obligations. To solidify his judgement of what he perceives to be theShow MoreRelatedImmanuel Kant s Philosophy On Moral And Good And Evil Behavior1413 Words   |  6 Pages Moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy which focuses and investigates the ideas of right and wrong and good and evil behavior. Moral philosophers have researched and justified the logical consequences of moral or ethical beliefs.When we think of morals, we think of rules that tell us which actions are right and which are wrong. But, do human beings have the ability to judge for themselves, based on the facts of a situation, what is right and wrong, what they should do and not do? Well, accordingRead MoreKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pagesresult in choices that lead to an individual to both reason and feel some sort of emotion. Objectively speaking, there is a no fine line between reasoning and how one feels, however there seems to be a distinct difference between the philosophers Immanuel K ant and David Hume views on the matter. Both are life changing philosophers with very opposing views. One sees the feelings in human nature while the other seems to see nothing but rationality. One can argue both are used but according to these twoRead MoreLying, By Jeremy Bentham1613 Words   |  7 Pagesdeception. Jeremy Bentham who is a British philosopher in the 1700’s and early 1800’s believed in the principle of utility otherwise known as utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham thinks it’s permissible to tell a small lie because in the long run Bentham is looking for the ultimate amount of happiness. Bentham believes in the greatest happiness for the greatest number. As long as an act brings more happiness than disappointment then that act is moral. One situation may be three friends found out something thatRead MoreThird Breaking Down His Most Important Philosophies1097 Words   |  5 PagesMichael Diaz Professor Keedy April 17, 2015 Core Comp. II Discovery Draft Part 2 Third-Breaking down his most important philosophies: I. Present and explain in depth the each of the following: A. How he came up with such ideas. B. Provide example/ apply to life: 1. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 2. Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science 3. Critique of Practical Reason 4. Critique of the Power of Judgment 5. Critique of Pure Reason a. Knowledge b. Metaphysics Topic: CritiqueRead MoreKant : The Father Of Enlightenment1071 Words   |  5 PagesStanford Marquis Essay 2 Kant: The Father of Enlightenment The 18th Century is referred to as the Age of Reason or Enlightenment as it was during this period that reason and individualism was advocated as a means of power. Science and reason were revolutionizing society by challenging the facts deeply rooted in tradition. This new rational way of thinking used logic to arrive at conclusions. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, was one of the primary figures of this era that cultivated reason andRead MoreThe Metaphysic Of Morals By Immanuel Kant1199 Words   |  5 PagesGroundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals by Immanuel Kant: A Reflection and Analysis Author name Name of institutionâ€Æ' In man’s attempt to figure out what is right or wrong, they have developed a number of systems that purportedly deal with such matters. Immanuel Kant expanded on his moral philosophy in his work, Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals. This paper will be a reflection upon Kantian ethical principles presented therein and their relation to what is generally called morality. PeopleRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Immanuel Kant1387 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers. Two of these philosophers are John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant. Mill, in Utilitarianism defines happiness as pleasure without pain. He builds upon this idea of happiness when establishing his moral philosophy, stating that the action that would bring about the maximum amount of happiness is the most moral action. On the other hand, Kant establishes happiness as well-being and a satisfaction with one’s condition. Kant, however, argues that happiness is too fully based upon one’s ownRead MoreKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Kantian Ethics and critiques In Elements of Pure Practical Reason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strictRead MoreDuty Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism1441 Words   |  6 Pagesworks of Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism), and Immanuel Kant (duty-ethics). These philosophers outlined two different theories of moralphilosophy. Bentham utilitarian theory focus on the moral rightness. His belief is that everyoneshould perform that act which will bring about the greatest amount of good over bad for everyone affected in any given situation. Kant’s theory and my personal preference of the two theories focus on the moral duty/obligation and right action no matter what Read MoreDeontology Is An Ethical Theory900 Words   |  4 Pagesreform that defined the message to the question of what it means to be equal and unequal among men and women using the deontology theory as this essay will demonstrate. Deontology is an ethical theory that focus on the will of a person. It is a philosophy about how people ought to act. Deontology is non-consequentialism. People’s action should not play the role in evaluating the act of morality. â€Å"Duties and obligation† are the target to the will of a person. There are two important rules in

Tourism England and Local Facilities Free Essays

In today’s globalized world, people go on holidays every year. They often choose exotic places abroad to fulfill their excitement of traveling and visiting other countries. But should those countries encourage tourism? There are a few advantages and disadvantages on this issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism: England and Local Facilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, the desire to attract tourists to a certain area often encourages governments to improve local facilities. This leads to the development of the country and, of course, is beneficial for both, citizens and tourists. On the other hand, over-development can lead to ugly, crowded tourist spots and environmental damage. Consequently, the development of the country must be controlled and planned in such a way it does not destroy the natural beauty. Therefore, the development is necessary, but has to be thoroughly planned. Secondly, tourism is claimed to be an important source of income. People from wealthy countries often travel to smaller and more exotic ones, so the economic situation of the weaker country can be boosted. However, a country’s economy may become so dependent on tourism that it is weakened. If, for example, a natural disaster happens, then the tourists may not arrive for a long time. In this case, the country can be helpless without their main income source. Thirdly, tourism allows people to experience new cultures. When tourists visit other countries, local people can see the way they behave, talk, what clothes they wear, what are their customs, and in that way learn more differences. In contrast, the impact of tourism may destroy the local way of life. The new customs brought with tourists may replace the old and unique ones, therefore making local customs mix or even disappear. All in all, there are arguments both, for and against the encouragement of tourism. It is very important for the economy, it allows the locals to experience other cultures, but there’s also a treat of giving up some traditions. Governments may improve local facilities, yet crowded tourist spots can damage the environment. Tourism is a very important field, but needs a lot of careful attention. How to cite Tourism: England and Local Facilities, Papers Tourism England and Local Facilities Free Essays In today’s globalized world, people go on holidays every year. They often choose exotic places abroad to fulfill their excitement of traveling and visiting other countries. But should those countries encourage tourism? There are a few advantages and disadvantages on this issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism: England and Local Facilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, the desire to attract tourists to a certain area often encourages governments to improve local facilities. This leads to the development of the country and, of course, is beneficial for both, citizens and tourists. On the other hand, over-development can lead to ugly, crowded tourist spots and environmental damage. Consequently, the development of the country must be controlled and planned in such a way it does not destroy the natural beauty. Therefore, the development is necessary, but has to be thoroughly planned. Secondly, tourism is claimed to be an important source of income. People from wealthy countries often travel to smaller and more exotic ones, so the economic situation of the weaker country can be boosted. However, a country’s economy may become so dependent on tourism that it is weakened. If, for example, a natural disaster happens, then the tourists may not arrive for a long time. In this case, the country can be helpless without their main income source. Thirdly, tourism allows people to experience new cultures. When tourists visit other countries, local people can see the way they behave, talk, what clothes they wear, what are their customs, and in that way learn more differences. In contrast, the impact of tourism may destroy the local way of life. The new customs brought with tourists may replace the old and unique ones, therefore making local customs mix or even disappear. All in all, there are arguments both, for and against the encouragement of tourism. It is very important for the economy, it allows the locals to experience other cultures, but there’s also a treat of giving up some traditions. Governments may improve local facilities, yet crowded tourist spots can damage the environment. Tourism is a very important field, but needs a lot of careful attention. How to cite Tourism: England and Local Facilities, Papers

Alternative and Historical Photographic Techniques †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Alternative and Historical Photographic Techniques. Answer: Introduction: The three selected photographs for the alternative photographic techniques have been used are from Brian Taylors photography series The Art of Getting lost. Three photographs are Stevens Creek, California, Sycamore Leaves, Los Gatos Creek and Saguaros, Papago Mountains, Arizona. The photographs are slices of various landscapes that give almost painting like impression. The principle techniques that the artist used are the Gum Bichromate Printing Process and Cyanotype process of the 19th century. In order to achieve the tactile quality the artist applied multiple layers of gum and brush emulsions. Brian Taylor decided upon the techniques for the series after he selected and took the photographs digitally. The journey from the photograph to an aesthetically strong alternative photograph is long. The primary technique that Brian Taylor uses is the innovative multicolor gum bichromate techniques (Persinger 2014). The photographs are handmade with organic elements and the touches of imperfections are deliberate. In the bichromate process the black and white negatives are exposed and transformed into color prints very slowly, layer by layer. The process of making the photographs starts with tonally correcting the digital negatives of the photographs of nature he took. Cyanotypes print a heavy enough watercolor paper is created from the negative. This creates the base layer on which the artist plays with various options. Ammonium Dichromate was mixed with Gum Arabic and Gouache color of artists choice and covered on the paper. Then the coated negative was re exposed. This process of gum application was repeated multiple times for individual photographs. By following those techniques each photographs of the series started as a watercolor paper sheet where the artist applied a Cyanotype emulsion layer. The papers then were contact printed with the help of a full negative. The artist then exposed the papers in the sunlight for multiple times. As a result the photographs turned into Prussian blue. For the photographs of The Art of Getting lost the Brian Taylor used Winson Newton Green Gouache color with the Gum bichromate emulsion and again sunlight was used in the contact print process (Briantaylorphotography.com 2017). During the second exposure the images get a greenish tone that we see in the photographs. In the third exposure the artist used brown pigments and exposed those in the sunlight that gave the photos a warm feeling with the brown tone of the jungle woods. Finally the artist exposed the photographs in black to establish the dark shadows of the woods, branches and leaves. The artist wanted to create new photographs with a certain historical quality with archival value and the traditional techniques goes beyond the digital process and establish a third place through the montage of tradition and modern techniques. The artist required wanted more freedom from the limitation of the digital world which could give him more artistic satisfaction. These practical techniques create exceptional photographs that add differently to the artists portfolio. The contemporary available techniques could be used with such traditional techniques helps the artist to sharpen his skills and explore new possibilities. Reference Briantaylorphotography.com. (2017).The Art of Getting Lost : Brian Taylor. [online] Available at: https://www.briantaylorphotography.com/index.php?/projects/art-of-getting-lost/ [Accessed 10 October 2017]. Persinger, T. ed., 2014.Photography Beyond Technique: Essays from F295 on the Informed Use of Alternative and Historical Photographic Processes. CRC Press.

International Relations for World Wide Fund- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Relations for World Wide Fund. Answer: Intergovernmental organizations are part of the international organizations with membership exceeding three states. The states create these IGOs to help them in solving their shared problems thus ensure they make collective decisions to overcome the challenge(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). In the IGOs, the representatives of these states gather to address the issues affecting the region. The most common intergovernmental organizations include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the WTO(Laksmana, 2013). The SEAN is mandated to promote regional culture, social, and economic cooperation in the region. The WTO also manages conflicts or disputes related to trading partners. The NGOs are the second non-state or private actors. In most cases, volunteers from the community to promote the shared interests form these organizations thus influence the state policies. The NGOs have helped in addressing various global issues including disarmament, human rights, and environmental protection(Laksmana, 2013). These organizations focus on respected and constructive objectives thus rarely trigger opposition and controversies. For example, the Religious Movement and World Wide Fund for Nature are popular NGOs. The WWF addresses issues related to environmental research, restoration, and conservation while the Religious Movement promotes religious convictions and principles of conduct. The Multinational Corporations are businesses that engage in profit-maximization goals and operate in different countries. These firms have headquarters in one country and subsidiaries in other countries(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). MNCs are large companies operating worldwide and have employees and fixed assets. For example, the Honda and Financial organization including banks are MNCs. Honda, for instance, manufactures its products in different factories and sell them to different customers worldwide. Similarly, banking institutions operate internationally and they have to comply with stringent restrictions than other businesses. Chapter 2 Question Set: Based on the events in Syria, it appears that any intervention can establish a post-global order, especially the post-Westphobia. In the international law, no power is allowed to interfere with the domestic affairs of any country(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). Despite the continued blood shade in Syria due to civil war, the country has avoided seeking the intervention of other countries. Syria only requested Russia to intervene instead of seeking solace from other strong democracies. The other powers have kept a distance from interfering with the Syrian affairs because President Assad enjoys strong ties with Moscow. The Russian government has supported the Syrian government by offering military personnel, equipment, and housing. This has complicated matters for other countries which view any war against Assad would be a declared war on Russia. The United States has avoided confrontation in Syria because Russia can use nuclear arsenals. Therefore, any war with Russia would cause the wor st situation in the world. Many countries have also opposed the US intervention in Syria because it can destabilize the region leading to war. Chapter 3 Question Set: The legislative branch of government has the responsibility to define the countrys foreign policy. It is a representative of the masses thus allows the representatives to participate in the foreign policy decisions. In most cases, each government has its own foreign policy. Nonetheless, foreign policy decisions have to reflect the processes like the domestic coalition. In democratic governance, the executive operates through political debate. In the United States, for instance, the constitution defines the countrys foreign policy power(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). Both the executive and Congress has shared the responsibility to define and reshape the foreign policy. Both branches of government can initiate changes in the U.S foreign policy. Although military action relates to war, the economic embargoes and sanctions can be used to compel other countries to comply with the nations standards and regulations. These sanctions rarely have grave consequences. However, the military actions involve the use army is costly. Chapter 4 Question Set: Women play crucial roles in industrializing any country. However, the efforts to entrench gender equity undermine the principles of democracy(UN, 2011). For instance, the move by different countries to establish gender quotas to allow women have some political positions is discriminatory. Indisputably, the feministic revolution has helped many women earn senior positions in politics and government(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). This makes creating gender quotas for women to disrupt democratic processes. The political systems should be left to select the best candidate without creating a predetermined people(InternationalsymposiumSymOrg2016, Jas?ko, Marinkovic?, Beagrade, 2016). Indisputably, in the democratic principle, the previous political system can never compromise the gender issues. Following the recent revolutions, many women have ascended to leadership in the current systems. The systems represent the genders. Chapter 5 Question Set: The situation and environment have completely shifted because the U.S no longer pursues a common enemy. Previously, the United States worked together with China to contain Russia(Stratfor, 2016). However, new threats have emerged that can cause war including space completion, purported espionage, and cyber-attacks. Unfortunately, any war between the superpowers could have the worst economic impact(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). Today, no country is an island because they must work together. Indisputably, these countries have demonstrated real tension in certain areas but the costs of war would outwit the benefits. For instance, the US and Russia have experienced serious conflict situations that could have triggered real war. In fact, both countries pursue different interests. Although the US is superior to Russia, in the last two decades, Russia has tried to narrow the gap militarily. Russia is taking an aggressive approach, especially following its entry into Syria thus compelling the US to remain timid(Stratfor, 2016). The Russian move made the U.S protect its allies instead of facing off with Russia over Syria. The United States has opted for supporting the Ukraine through nonlethal means thus helps them overcome the Russian siege. Since both countries have lethal weapons, none of them would opt for war but engage in cold war. Chapter 6 Question Set: Previously, nations used to fight great conflicts using their navies, armies, and the air forces. Nations with advanced military resources always emerged victorious in the end. Undoubtedly, the United States enjoys the military superiority in the world(Petras, 2017). Unfortunately, the country has found it difficult to employ its military resources in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa due to the conflicting resolutions. For instance, the U.S should focus on aiding and supporting these allies instead of inflicting its powers on them(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). Today, these countries are suffering from terrorism that has inflicted suffering on their population. To this effect, the U.S is called upon to protect and support them against the aggressors. The US has responded swiftly by imposing an economic and political sanction of the countries posing threats to their democracies(Petras, 2017). These regions no longer experience a single problem by faces multiple challenges including terrorism, religious tensions, rising non-state actors, and falling governments. This shows the region experiences multiple problems thus becoming difficult to for the US to employ its massive force instead offers solutions based on the outcomes. Chapter 7 Question Set: The national law and international law are incomparable in terms of enforcement. Studies have demonstrated that enforcing the national law is effective because there is no direct influence from international counterparts of local police, county sheriff, or federal marshals(Baradaran, Findley, Nielsen, Sharman, 2010). Today, the international law enforcement officers are absent because any international enforcement requires the support from the local officers(Voeten, 2014). In fact, even the political support for such laws is absent. In the international community, the UN has established the UN Security Council, which should use the Chapter VII of the Charter to enforce laws. Based on the UN Charter, the council has to determine the existence of a threat to peace or any act of aggression. To this effect, the Security Council can recommend military action, diplomatic interventions, or economic sanctions to resolve the situation(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). Unfortunately, most of these international approaches are imperfect because they can apply unevenly or enforced slowly. This is because the bodies mandated to implement them lack the representation of the international communities. Chapter 8 Question Set: The protectionism is a policy, which many countries have used to promote their infant industries. However, this policy presents numerous deficiencies including the economic crisis. For instance, the use of tariff hinders an efficient global trade(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). This makes tariff a deficiency that needs to be reviewed to promote good trading culture. Trade protectionism has always weakened even strong industries because it rarely gives room for companies to improve and innovate their products and services. This deficiency also slows down the economic growth(Suranovic, 2012). For instance, when businesses forgo export and import trading, the economy will lose jobs, especially workers engaged in the importing and exporting businesses. Today, businesses operate on the global market because of globalization. It would be unjust for a firm to avoid seeking new opportunities in other markets because of protectionism culture. Chapter 9 Question Set: FDI has been associated with increased demand for the host nation through technology transfer and productivity improvements. However, this strategy raises many concerns thus require redress(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). This FDI jeopardizes the balance of payment in the long run especially of the host nation. This is because the foreign investors try to recover their initial capital outlay thus turning the investments into profitability. This will see the capital returns to the home country from the host nation. Additionally, the FDI has always generated negative externalities, especially in the host nations labor market(Kurtishi-Kastrati, 2013). This is evident where the investor maximizes the profits and reduces costs. Sometimes the investors use unique strategic reason to access the host country. Nonetheless, these FDI intends to get returns from their capitals. Chapter 10 Question Set: The unification of the European countries to form the European Union was a significant decision that transformed the region in a single trading bloc. The success of this unification was evident when it adopted a single currency(Mursa, 2014). The move has benefits and costs that the member states must converse. With a single currency, the Eurozone members have managed to stimulate trade(Geoghegan, 2014). This is an indisputable benefit of a single currency adoption within a trading bloc. The exchange rate fluctuations exposed the countries engaged in trading activities. The fall of transaction costs could also affect the companies from member countries(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). Therefore, by adopting a single currency, the region stimulated free flow of capital, people, and goods thus stimulating trade activities. Although the euro currency has promoted trade in the region, this instrument is imperfect because of its fiduciary currency. Such fiat currencies rely on the trust of people instead of real standards(Geoghegan, 2014). To this effect, the European Central Bank can adopt discretionary monetary policies adopted by national governments. This can deny the currency its real standard or base. For instance, the European authorities opted to devalue the currency and finance the Greeks budget deficits(Mursa, 2014). During the Greece crisis, the European Central Bank offered the Greek government monetary emissions thus violating fundamental principles guiding the euro convergence. Chapter 11 Question Set: Population growth contributes significantly to global warming because humans intensify their efforts to use fossil fuels to enhance mechanized lifestyles. With more people, the demand for coal, gas, and oil and other fuels increase(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). Whenever the drilled or mined fuels are burned, they emit CO2 into the atmosphere leading toe greenhouse effect. Based on the report of the Scientific Americans, the developed economies consume more fossil fuels than the developing world(UNPF, 2017). For example, the United States is home to over 5 percent of the global population but emits over 25 percent of the total carbon dioxide output(Higgins, 2013). As the developing countries are industrializing quickly, the global CO2 emissions would be high. Therefore, the consumption patterns, global warming, and population are linked to the collective environmental impact in the world. This because as developing countries invest in economic development initiatives, the global emissi ons grow. The population growth rates and size also become significant leading to global warming. Chapter 12 Question Set: Immigration is critical in helping the economy grow, especially the receiving nations labor market. According to the OECD, the immigrants had defined the European countrys dynamic sectors including technology, science, mathematics, and engineering. These immigrants serve this occupation diligently and boost the traditional occupations like maintenance, repair, and installation(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). Without a doubt, the expansion of workforce through migration has aggregated GDP to grow. The migrants are the source of innovation and entrepreneurial activity. Studies have demonstrated that skilled immigrants have continued to boost innovation, entrepreneurship, technological change, and research (EPSC, 2015). For instance, the founder of WhatsApp, John Koum was an immigrant from Kiev. With the future economic models focusing on the frontier of creating new markets and knowledge, the immigrants become valuable. Currently, Europe is below the global race for expertise. The high-ed ucated immigrants are driving the economy of the European countries. Researchers found that the net fiscal contributions of these immigrants are insignificant compared to native-bone(Huttl Leandro, 2015). This is because; the migrants claim more benefits and pay fewer taxes. Since these people secure low employment level, they end up paying less tax. Accordingly, Foged and Peri found that the German government spends over 10 billion euros to pay refugees(Foged Peri, 2015). Foged and Peri have raised issues with the refugees in the labor market. For instance, the immigrants with lower education level and experience have displaced the native workers in less manual work. The immigrants have also increased the waiting hours in health care(Huttl Leandro, 2015). The statistics from the UK indicates that the immigration has affected the health care systems, especially in elective care, accident, and emergency where the waiting time has increased. Chapter 13 Question Set: The export-led growth is a situation where governments opt to increase exports in anticipation to improve increase growth, productivity, and exchange earnings. This is an outward-oriented strategy because it links the world with the domestic economies. Indeed, this strategy ensures a country realizes growth by exporting manufactured goods instead of enhancing their growth through protective domestic policies. However, the non-east Asian countries have failed to use this strategy to succeed(Higgins, 2013). This is because these countries believe in protecting their domestic producers thus preferring import substitution strategy. In most cases, the developing nations, especially the non-East Asian countries believe that exporting manufactured goods is disastrous because their products are inferior and can rarely compete with established corporations in the international markets. They have thus maintained high trade barriers(Goldstein Pevehouse, 2010). The protectionist policies as ado pted by the non-East Asia countries can help the infant industries. These countries also embrace import quotas; import tariffs and prohibit the importation of some commodities. With these protectionist policies, these countries believe they can protect their manufacturing industries. The countries have also used the import restrictions and tariffs to raise their budgetary revenues and strengthen the national security. References Baradaran, S., Findley, M., Nielsen, D., Sharman, J. (2010). Does international law matter? Retrieved October 12, 2017, from https://www.michael-findley.com/uploads/2/0/4/5/20455799/does-intl-law-matter_pre-publication-version.pdf EPSC. (2015, April 30). Legal Migration in the EU. Retrieved October 12, 2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/epsc/publications/strategic-notes/legal-migration-eu_en Foged, M., Peri, G. (2015, March). Immigrants effect on native workers: new analysis on longitudinal data. Retrieved October 11, 2017, from IZA Discussion Paper No. 8961: https://ftp.iza.org/dp8961.pdf Geoghegan, S. (2014, September). 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