The EU will gain considerably from having Poland as a one of essays

The EU will gain considerably from having Poland as a one of essays Since Poland is a country that has a lot to offer, the EU will benefit from having Poland as a one of its member states. This essay will examine the advantages, which the EU will take of having Poland in the Union, by looking at natural, economic, and social aspects. By looking at these points in detail, it will be easier to form a clear conclusion on this issue. The most important point to consider is that Poland has large recreational areas and many unspoiled places with unique flora and fauna. When Poland joins the EU, these places can be turned into ecological resorts. Obviously, this will be a paradise for tourists who are eager to be closer to nature. The best example of this would be the country of the thousand lakes which is the perfect place for those who love water sports and angling. In addition to this, there are some species of animals that can be only seen in Poland. For example, Poland is the only country where European bison can be seen. What is more, Poland has the biggest population of wolves in Europe. Having said that, not only will Poland be able to become a paradise for Europeans but also for people from all over the world. Another significant idea is the Polish goods market. Since Poland is one of bigger countries in Europe, the EU will gain larger market for its goods. The EU market will be extended, and as a result the EU will have another source of money. What is more, Poland is situated in the heart of Europe. Because of this location Poland can be a kind of bridge between the EU countries and the countries of East Europe. As a result, the flow of goods from the EU countries to East Europe would be much easier. Another valid point is huge scientific potential that is cumulated in Poland. Polish scientists who are people of distinction are extremely dedicated to their work. Therefore, they are known as hard working people who are able to sacrifice a lot to reach their go...

How a Forest Ecosystem is Defined

How a Forest Ecosystem is Defined Forest ecosystems are defined by a salient or common set of characteristics that make the forest ecology of a particular area unique. These very complex sets of forest conditions are studied by forest ecologists who try to isolate and classify the common structural patterns that continually reoccur in a particular forests environment. The perfect forest ecosystem is where simpler biotic communities live in the same approximate space with increasingly more complex biotic communities to each communities benefit. In other words, it is where many individual biotic communities symbiotically live in harmony with other biotic communities in perpetuity for the benefit of all neighboring forest organisms. Foresters have developed a somewhat limited classification based on plant climax types, or, the type of vegetative communities that would develop under idealized stable conditions over the long-term. These classifications are then named for the dominant overstory trees and key indicator plant species that live together in the understory. These classifications are necessary in the everyday practice of forest management. So, timber or cover types have been developed by forest scientists and resource managers from extensive sampling within vegetation zones that have similar elevational, topographic, and soil relationships. These forest/tree types have been neatly and nicely mapped for the largest forested areas in North America. Maps of these type classes are also created for single and multiple forests as part of a forest management plan. Unfortunately, these somewhat rudimentary forest ecosystem classifications do not completely define all flora and fauna biology that determine a true but complex forest ecosystem and certainly not the whole ecosystem itself. Forest Ecology Charles Darwin, famous for his Theory of Evolution, came up with a metaphor he called the tree of life. His Tree of Life imagery illustrates that there is but one common biological nature and origin and that all living species experience and must share space together. His enlightened studies ultimately fathered a new science called Ecology - from the Greek oikos meaning household - and following by necessity comes the study of forest ecology. All ecology deals with the organism and its place to live. Forest ecology is an ecological science dedicated to understanding the complete biotic and abiotic systems within a defined woodland area. A forest ecologist has to deal with basic biology and community population dynamics, species biodiversity, environmental interdependence and how they coexist with human pressures including aesthetic preferences and economic necessity. That person also must be trained to understand the nonliving principles of energy flow, water and gas cycles, weather and topographical influences that effect the biotic community. An Example of a Forest Ecosystem We would love to provide you with a neat description of the perfect forest ecosystem. It would be lovely to find forest ecosystems that are cataloged by similarity and nicely listed by region. Alas, ecosystems are dynamic living things and always subject to things like ecological aging, environmental catastrophe and population dynamics. Its like asking a physicist to seamlessly unify everything from the infinitely small to the infinitely large. The problem with defining a forest ecosystem is the variability of its size with a limited understanding of the systems within systems which are extremely complicated. A forest ecologists job is safe. Defining a forests size in a forest ecosystem that covers several states is completely different than one that occupies just several acres. You can readily see that there could be innumerable systems, depending on the definition of parameters and depth of each study. We may never know all there is to complete the study nor gather all the information necessary to our final satisfaction. We end with this definition of a forest ecosystem developed by the Convention of Biological Diversity: A forest ecosystem can be defined at a range of scales. It is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their abiotic environment interacting as a functional unit, where trees are a key component of the system. Humans, with their cultural, economic and environmental needs are an integral part of many forest ecosystems.

Org Behaviour 3 Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Org Behaviour 3 Leadership - Essay Example This has been done using the assessment and insight into self assessment, introspection and reflection through the personal mission statement for the development of leadership and finally integration and extension through the personal model of leadership. The self assessment emphasises on the self confidence, and the instrumental and end values of an individual. Moreover it also includes analysing his emotional intelligence, his ways of receiving feedback and incorporating changes as per those feedbacks, and the extent of his innovativeness. This is followed by the development of his personal mission statement, personal values, personal goals and also the personal action steps. The personal model of leadership is developed which emphasizes in his abilities, personality, values. Finally, the gaps are determined and presented with regards to espoused and the desired theories of leadership. Main Body Part 1-Awareness and Insight through Self-Assessment- 1.1 Your self-confidence The ques tions assigned in exercise number 2 are aimed at assessing the self confidence level of the respondents. The questions are structured to assess the ability of the responden

SISCO Marketing Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SISCO Marketing Plan - Case Study Example This being the first year of operation in the financial and mortgage industry, SISCO has developed its own customer base, thus cultivating its own niche market. An aggressive marketing will however lead to a growth of its customer base, thus making its presence widely known in Jeddah. SISCO's core business shall be the supply of financial services to both individuals and business owners, who have interests in the mortgage and property development industry. Following a study of the target market, the information acquired will hence help the company to better serve the needs of the customers. The kingdom is witnessing a change in demographics of home development. Previously, individuals build at least 98 percent of the homes, whereas developers only handled the remaining 2 percent. The trend is however rapidly changing owing to a drastic rise in both the building materials, and a corresponding increase in development cost The sector is bound to witness a rapid growth, and which will continue onto the following year. This saw investment into real estate increasing by more than two folds by the end of 2007. This review, which was provided by the Global Investment House, also reported of an annual growth in the sector of 115.9 percent, and which now stands at SAR 100.4 billion. In almost all the segments in this market, demand almost always surpasses supply. While this trend is expected to hold in coming years, real estate prices, as well as rental will more than likely remain buoyant. 9. Market trends: The real estate market in Saudi Arabia has remained buoyant, thanks to the availability of sustainable demand. As long as there is an economic expansion, there will be a resultant creation of investment opportunities in the region. Demand will thus continue picking up, fuelled by an influx of increased rates. In addition, population growth in the kingdom has been forecasted to continue growing annually at a rate of 2.5 percent, to reach 25.66 million at the end of 2009. At the same time, there shall be a decline in the average house hold size from 5.5 to 5.2 persons for the periods 2005-2009. This will in turn lead to a corresponding increase in housing demand, which has been estimated to be at 1 million units by the end of the same period. This translates into an increase of 200,000 units per year on average. Jeddah is also witnessing a growing trend, in which high rise and luxurious apartment are being designed and developed by real estate developers of repute (Parker 2007). 10. Market needs: There is a dire need to supply over 200,000 housing units per year. In order to achieve this, a total of 280 million square meters of land is needed. Further, SAR 500 billion needs to be invested in the sector to be able to construct the 1 million housing units. In order to quench this thirst for housing units, the availability of sufficient financial mechanisms are needed (Parker 2007). 11. SWOT Analysis: This is a description of the company's strengths, weaknesses, threats and

Virtue ethics Essay Example for Free

Virtue ethics Essay Unlike morals, which are deeply held convictions held by an individual in regards to right and wrong behavior, ethics are recognized rules of conduct in regards to a specific action or a particular group of people. In short, ethics come from an external social structure whereas morals come from within – a person’s own perceptions of right and wrong regardless of what society’s rules say. The three primary schools of ethics that can be used in discussing ethical problems and dilemmas are care-based ethics, rule-based ethics, and end-based ethics. In the case of ethical dilemma number 2, if one were to apply care-based ethics, then both of the adult parties in the situation would yield to what would be best for the child. Care-based ethics involves having the ability to put oneself in another’s shoes and see a situation from his or her point of view. The ethical dilemma clearly states that the girl was taken away from her foster parents against her will after her biological parents sobered up and wanted to regain custody. To abide by care-based ethics, the adults would need to let the girl make the decision; everyone would have to consider how the child feels. ; care-based ethics is not determined by law, courts, or duty. Utilitarian ethics looks to solve a dilemma by producing the greatest good for the greatest number. In ethical dilemma number 2, utilitarian ethics would most likely favor the girl living with the foster parents because it would be the case of three people against two. The girl spent her entire life with her foster parents, growing up to love and respect them. In addition, her foster parents more than likely developed mutual feelings for her. Her biological parents have had absolutely no connection to the girl and so by a court ruling in their favor they are setting up a family of strangers. In addition, it is unfair to the foster parents who were probably under the impression that they would raise the girl throughout her entire childhood. Both of the laws applied to ethical dilemma rule in favor of the girl living with the foster parents and not the biological parents. However, care-based ethics does so out of genuine concern for the child’s interest. It doesn’t really consider what the outcome for other parties would be. End-based ethics, though coming to a similar conclusion did so by a different route. All parties in the situation were considered and the pros and cons are weighed out based on what is most fair for those involved. I think that though the schools of ethics can be applied to many real life situations and provide a good springboard for making judgments; I believe that applying formulaic standards to something life like could ultimately be hazardous. Life isn’t a math problem where you can plug and chug a situation into an ethical framework and get only one correct outcome. There are many different factors and feelings that need to be considered when making decisions on real life matters. Aristotle’s idea of virtue factored in the uncertainties of everyday life. To Aristotle, to be virtuous was to practice practical wisdom. In other words, he believed that making ethical decisions was dependent on choosing the right thing at the right time for a situation. I think Aristotle would have agreed with the both of the decisions to let the girl live with the foster parents because it would be the most practical choice to keep a loving family together than to tear it apart by giving the girl back to her biological parents.

Lord Of The Flies: Chapter 9-12 Notes :: essays research papers

1. After Simon is killed, the next paragraph begins, "The clouds open and let the rain down like a waterfall†¦" When the boys kill Simon they not only kill him and spirituality, but what they perceive to be the beast. Because the beast was created by them and embodied all of their evils, one of its interpretations can be as mankind's sin. Simon is very similar to Jesus in this book. The Roman's ruled the world during Jesus' life, and now a similar bloodthirsty society rules the island during Simon's life. Both are killed by such a society, and both sacrifice themselves so that mankind's sin can be forgiven. When Simon dies, the rain washes away not only spirituality, but also the beast and all of the sins that accompany it. Golding writes that the water bounded from the mountaintop. Because the mountain top represented the peak of society, this could be interpreted to state that all of society carries sin, even the glorious moments of it, and that Simon's sacrifice was extended to the boys' entire stay on the island and the sin that was committed during that period of time. This is also similar to Jesus' sacrifice that was for all of mankind's sins, not just the sins of the Roman society that killed him. After Simon has been killed, the figures stagger away. By referring to the boys as figures, they are no longer individuals, but the nameless men who are the vehicle that society uses to carry out its evil deeds. It is no longer of relevance who did what because it was the entire society that killed Simon. This can be related to other societies, such as Nazi Germany. Today Hitler is credited with most of the responsibility for World War II. We do not like to blame German society for it because that would mean that we are also capable of this if we had to endure the circumstances of 1940's Germany. We cannot blame the German race for these problems, as they are a characteristic of humanity. We fought World War II against the forces of racism, but we ourselves treated the Japanese very poorly while all of this was going on. Although we too went through the depression, we did not have the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles against us. When any society has such horrible circumstances, they tend to look for a scapegoat, such as a race of people.

Dog Attack

Antwan Williams Enc 1101 Mon. 6-9:50 Topic Essay Dog Attack My biggest fear is getting attack by a dog. Some dogs are mean and vicious for no reason and see humans as bait and ready to eat them alive. The first dog that comes to mind when I hear a human being was attacked is a pitbull. Pitbulls are known to turn on their owner and will attack anything in their path. Numerous of people have died from injuries due to dog biting. Dogs have very sharp teeth that go deep down in your flesh and cause so much bleeding.I think of dogs as vampires when they suck down into your skin. When walking down the street in my neighborhood and I see a stray dog with no leash, I instantly turn on the next block or walk the other direction. Dog attacks happen sometimes out of fear, most humans fear dogs and that’s what dogs scent. Dogs have the ability to smell fear on anybody and see them as fresh meat. So word of advice when face to face with an ferocious pitbull make sure you show no fear and c almly walk the other direction, if he charge at you make a run to the nearest car.Some dogs even attack because they are afraid and attack out of fear, so sometimes attacks can happen the other way around. Every dog is not vicious, but if you seem harmful to them dogs will attack. Dogs are also protective to their owner. Some dogs are trained to protect their family and yard. So any scent of harmful the dog will do anything to protect its territory. Dogs are not always at fault when hearing about someone getting attacked. Pitbulls are labeled as vicious dogs but that’s the way they are trained to be, â€Å"fighting Dogs†.But on the other hand pitbulls are actually good dogs smart, and friendly, but will turn into natural born killers if they feel they are being harmed. Dogs attack people because they are not properly socialized. Dogs need to be trained to be socialized and learn how to act around humans. That’s why most stray dogs on the streets be the first to attack a human walking down the street, because these dogs have little or no human contact. Anything that gets close to them they feel harmed. I feel that’s the reason why children get attacked, because they are unfamiliar with dogs.Dogs usually attack when their food is being challenged, that will trigger aggression behavior. Dog attacks happen for many reasons. However, there are reasons that can be avoided if you are familiar with a dog’s behavior. If you are unaware of the behaviors there is a chance of being attacked. Any dog can attack unexpectedly; given a certain situation. Most dogs will never hurt anyone, but it can happen and knowing some reasons why dogs typically attack and warning signs of it can save you from being injured, and prevent you from being attacked.

Human Development & Learning/ Personality & Emotional Development Essay

There are different skills that are important and which contribute to positive social development in life. These skills help a person to be able to carry out social roles and responsibilities. Children need to learn all these skills both in school and in their homes so that they are able to handle life situations. Conflict resolution skills are very necessary for children. This is because conflicts are always present both at home and at school. Therefore, they need skills on how they can handle these skills. This helps further in building of healthy social relationships, which are necessary in life. Conflict resolution skills not only helps children to social problems but also conflicts they may be experiencing within them (Baker& Myles, 2003). Caring skills are also crucial to children. It is very important that children should be trained to be caring from the time they are young. This helps them to care and assist each other both in the classroom and in the community. Caring skills also help them to become caring citizens in the future. Teaching children to be caring means that the society has caring members in the future. It acts as a foundation of a community that is able to assist each other during times of needs. It is also important that children should be taught to be responsible. Responsibility is a key skill that children need in order to handle their social roles at home and in school. Being responsible in whatever they do would assist them be able to attain their self-actualization in the future. There are various qualities of a family environment that are necessary for the development of the above skills. A peaceful environment at home is very essential for a child to be able to solve problems. This is because a child will learn how to solve conflicts from home in a non-violent way. A family that is inclusive in its roles make children be able to be responsible in their social roles. This is a situation where children are incorporated when sharing role at home. Being given roles makes them become responsible in their capacities. This also allows them to become managers of their time and in making plans on how to accomplish their roles. They also develop a feeling of belonging in the family. Irresponsibity in the family contributes to under development of social skills in children. If parents do not take their roles well then it means that the children also learn to be irresponsible in their duties as a result of the example they learn from their parents. They develop the feelings of being insecure, as they feel neglected in their families. They grow being irresponsible citizens in future. (Damon & Lerner, 2006). A Classroom, which is inclusive, allows children to be caring and responsible. For example, a classroom whereby children are given various roles to play enhances their responsibility skills (Damon & Lerner, 2006). A classroom where children are engaged in-group work allows them to learn how to work with others and learn how to solve problems, which may arise when working as a group. Therefore, the classroom environment gives them an opportunity to develop these skills. The classroom also helps them to develop friendship and respect for the others. However, a classroom environment that promotes individualistic work may hinder children from attaining various social skills. This is because that kind of classroom will only make children to be locked in their own cocoons without much consideration of their social roles and responsibilities. Children in such a classroom do not develop a feeling of belonging, which is essential for social development. (Baker& Myles, 2003).

How To Write A Good Precis Essays

How To Write A Good Precis Essays How To Write A Good Precis Paper How To Write A Good Precis Paper Nowadays, precis is a common thing in the educational sphere. Students are required to write such work as it shows their level of the understanding and creativity. In other words, the rhetorical prà ©cis is a summary of the original piece that should comprise the main point and problem. An author should be aware of the primary source and submit the information that conveys its plot. Another key thing to know is that you have to follow the rigid to complete this mission successfully. How to write a precis? Pay attention to the information below as we dedicated it to the main points and steps of the precis you have to write. Moreover, you can develop your skills and broaden erudition as we have collected up to date and credible facts. Hope you will enjoy. How to write a precis? Let’s start with the structure and specificity of this task Present the original work Dedicate the first sentence and paragraph to the introduction of the author and title of the work. Also, you have to include the genre and publication date. Such thing will prove readers that they have free access to the original text. Moreover, it will help them get acquaintance with it. To make the beginning more interesting, we highly recommend you to include some facts about the author and his/her contribution to the development of literature. Do not write the wordage and boring biography as it will annoy the readers. It is better to include some interesting information that will attract the target audience. You have to use the verbs that illustrate the author position or action, for instance, assert, argue, prove, disprove, and explains the main idea. Despite the fact that the original work may not contain the thesis and topic sentence, your task is to read the source carefully and do the thesis about the basic author’s claim and point. Describe the way author supports the thesis As a rule, the second or third sentence should illustrate how the author develops the thesis. It is an essential thing as such information helps readers compare your and author position. We highly recommend you to focus attention on the main methods that the author used rather than the direct details. Your task is to convey the main concept of the author’s position in the main content. That is a kind of forbidden thing to restate his/her assumptions. Common knowledge is that audience can read the source by themselves and get acquainted with the author’s position. That is why do not duplicate the information. Try to be creative and present new interpretation of the known material. Be sure that it is far more interesting to read the personal opinion of the writer rather than the borrowed author’s thoughts. This is the smallest part of how to write a precis. Present the aim of the writing The third sentence should convey the primary purpose of the original writing. The main reason for it is that the reader has to be aware of the role and practical implementation of the work. When you write the prà ©cis, your purpose should differ from the thesis as you have to show the author’s motive of the piece. The target audience will also compare whether your aim coincides the original. Use the phrase â€Å"in order to† as it will hint reader which sentence is devoted to the purpose. It will make the precis structure clear and precise. Identify the intended audience The fourth and last sentence aims to show the audience and reveal the author’s relationship. As a rule, the original paper doesn’t include the data of the intended audience. It is your essential task as you have to research and conclude how the author chooses readers. It is easy to identify with the help of language, references, and structure. Use your analytical thinking and make a wise choice. The core of good precis writing Now it is a high time to speak about some steps that will show how to write a precis. Let’s get started and find out some precis essay example. Arm yourself with patience You have to read the original work one more time and realize whether each key idea is understandable for you. If it is crucial make some notes to be aware of each important point of the piece. There are moments that after re-reading the inspiration comes and writer has new ideas. Scan the paper with eyes without reading and try to divide it into several sections, for instance, heading, subheadings, and the main portion of information. Clear up the unknown terms and phrases with the help of the article and encyclopedia. Such method will improve your knowledge and allow to broaden the erudition. After scanning, read the work one more time and decide which of sections you will use in your writing. Highlight the key ideas but do not copy them. Try to create an original paper that is why rephrase the crucial statements, do not copy them. Clarify the details before start progress. Do not be lazy and read the work several times as the information can be unfamiliar to you. There are moments when the students skip this crucial stage and write the facts that don’t coincide the original paper. To avoid such â€Å"disaster† read and learn all that is important for writing. After each time you re-read the paper compare your notes and add some facts that you have missed. At the first glimpse, it seems unreasonable, but we ensure you that it will make your paper professional. Make a summary of each section Now you can summarize your notes and single out the necessary information for each section. Do not make it wordage as it is a type of outline. Each sentence should be logically-built and comprise the supporting evidence and major facts. Do not include minor facts as they can distract your attention. Even if the details are interesting, we invoke you not to submit them. Try not to return to original paper and summarize the writing using your notes. It will help you avoid plagiarism and make the paper rich in your thoughts. Try to tell your professor about the uniqueness of paper. Restate the thesis Rewrite the thesis without changing the main meaning. You have to borrow only the main idea from the author and restate it in your own words. When you determine the author sentence, reflect the purpose as well. Single out which crucial arguments should be highlighted. Start writing your precis. Combine the evidence, arguments, and other key information that should restate the thesis. Do not forget about the title and subheadings as they should start each section. Follow the four-sentence structure and submit precise facts. It will make the paper qualitative and well-structured. Do not forget to state the purpose. Review and proofread This step is crucial as you have to polish your paper and fix all misspellings, punctuation and grammar mistakes. Pay attention to your content as it should convey the main thought and idea of the writing. It is a forbidden thing to lose the original meaning and aim of the paper. Check your language, voice, and tone. They should be similar to authors. Try to check the language used in the paper. Additional pieces of advice about how to write a precis Follow the length requirements. In the most cases, the precis is not wordage piece that consists of 100-200 words. The winning method is to use the four-sentence outline that presents the main information. In case of longer writing, you should find more evidence and facts to make the paper diverse. You need to re-read an original work and find new facts that are essential for the paper. Your task is to expand the paragraphs and topic sentence. Do not forget that the longer structure doesn’t mean adding minor facts. It is a type of challenge where you have to brainstorm more paragraphs. Use the present tense. Do not make the structure of the paper convoluted. Try to be precise that is why we highly recommend you to use present tense throughout all paragraphs. Moreover, try to avoid passive voice and use active. Of course, there is moment when you describe some scientific research or experiment, and it is impossible to rephrase passive voice; do not worry it is a common case. All author’s assumptions, positions, and thoughts should be in the present. Do not write â€Å"He stated,† it is better to use â€Å"He states.† Be sure that you will attract more readers. Avoid quotation It may sound funny, but quotations will mess up your paper. It is better to summarize each sentence and even the direct speech. Everybody will agree that target audience appreciates such things. It is essential to title the work as such thing attracts readers a lot. Leave your own opinions You should know the strict requirements of the paper. In our case, it is precis that is why you cannot evaluate the paper and submit your attitude to the author. You are not the original creator that is why your task is just to except the existed information. It is not your duty to deny or support the claims. In connection with the fact that it is a type of summary, your task is to restate the piece without your feedbacks and testimonials. Hope you understand the main essence of the good prà ©cis. The effectiveness and quality of the paper depend on you. Make the best final result. Do you still hesitate how to write a precis?

The North American and Western Larch

The North American and Western Larch The native range of the Tamarack, or Larix laricina, occupies the coldest regions of Canada and the northern-most forests of central and northeastern United States. This conifer was named tamarack  by native American Algonquians and means wood used for snowshoes but has also been called eastern tamarack, American tamarack, and hackmatack. It  has one of the widest ranges of all North American conifers. Although thought to be a cold-loving  species, tamarack  grows under extremely varied climatic conditions. It can be found in isolated pockets in West Virginia and Maryland and in disjunct areas of interior Alaska and the Yukon. It can easily survive average January cold temperatures from -65 degrees F to warm July temperatures that exceed 70 degrees F. This toleration of climate extremes explains its wide distribution. The extreme cold of northernmost strands will affect its size where it will remain a small tree, attaining a height of about 15 feet. Larix laricina,  in the pine family  Pinaceae,  is a small to medium-size  boreal  conifer that  is uniquely  deciduous where needles annually turn a beautiful yellow color and drop in autumn. The  tree  can grow to 60 feet in height on certain sites with  trunk  growth that can exceed 20 inches in diameter.  Tamarack can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions but grows most commonly, and to its maximum potential, on wet to moist organic soils of  sphagnum and woody peat. Larix laricina is very intolerant of shade but is an early pioneer tree species that invades bare wet organic soils by seeding. The tree typically appears first in swamps, bogs, and muskeg where they start the long process of forest succession.   According to  one U.S Forest Service report, the principal commercial use of tamarack in the United States is for making pulp products, especially the transparent paper in window envelopes. Because of its rot resistance, tamarack is also used for posts, poles, mine timbers, and railroad ties. The key characteristics used for the identification of tamarack: This is the only eastern conifer with deciduous needles arranged in radiating clusters.Needles are growing from blunt spurs in groups of 10 to 20.Cones are small and egg-shaped with no visible  bracts between scales.Foliage turns yellow in autumn. The Western Larch or  Larix occidentalis Western larch or Larix occidentalis is in the pine family Pinaceae  and often called western tamarack. It  is the largest of the larches and most important timber species of the genus Larix. Other common names include  hackmatack, mountain larch, and Montana larch. This conifer, when compared to Larix laricina, has a range that is much reduced to just four U.S. states and one Canadian province- Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia. Like the tamarack, western larch is a deciduous conifer whose needles turn yellow and drop in autumn. Unlike tamarack, western larch is very tall, being the largest of all the larches and reaching heights of over 200 feet on preferred soils. The habitat for  Larix occidentalis  is on mountain slopes and in valleys and can grow  on swampy ground. It is often seen growing with Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine. The tree does not do as well as tamarack when dealing with broad changes in climatic factors as a species. The tree  grows in a relatively moist-cool climatic zone, with low temperature limiting its upper elevational range and deficient moistures its lower extremes- it is basically limited to the Pacific northwest and to the states mentioned. Western larch forests are enjoyed for their multiple resource values including timber production and aesthetic beauty. The seasonal change in hue of larchs delicate foliage from light green in the spring and summer, to gold in the fall, enhances the beauty of these mountain forests. These forests provide the ecological niches needed for a wide variety of birds and animals. Hole-nesting birds comprise about one-fourth of the bird species in these forests. According to a U.S Forest Service report, western larch timber is used extensively for lumber, fine veneer, long-straight utility poles, railroad ties, mine timbers, and pulpwood. It is also valued for its  high water-yielding forest-areas where management can influence water yield through harvest cuttings and young stand culture. The key characteristics used for the identification of western larch: A larch trees color stands out in forests- pale grass green in summer, yellow in the fall.Needles grow from blunt spurs in groups like  L. laricina  but on hairless twigs.Cones are larger than L. laricina  with visible yellowish, pointed bracts between scales.

Security of Digital Signatures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Security of Digital Signatures - Research Paper Example We will discuss the history of cryptography as it was initially the first concept that derived digital signatures and encryption algorithms. Moreover, we will discuss the nature, privacy and implementation of digital signatures. Furthermore, we will discuss new tools, techniques, methods and standards that are used along with the drawbacks associated with digital signatures. Introduction and History Even today, where every technology interrelated to Information technology involves the ‘.com’ phenomenon; Internet is relatively an evolving field, which is constantly changing. Extensive use of computing technology has aid different scale organizations to achieve targets. Every now and then, there is a news of a major security breach resulting in an invasion of personal privacy data such as credit card details, emails and vice versa. In spite of securing the networks, workstations and data centers, with the most updated and advanced security modules, there is still a probabi lity of a new threat to break into the network and void data integrity. In addition, hackers and cyber criminals are exploring efficient codes day by day to advance the hacking tools, in order to breach in to classified information, banks and website customer details, steal emails etc. In the end, the mission critical data are compromised, resulting in severe losses for organizations. In this report we will focus on digital signatures and their importance as well as the history, current state, and challenges that still need to be overcome. The concept for safeguarding messages with cryptography has a brief history, as Julius Caesar is considered to be one of the first cryptographic system inventors (Strauss,). Likewise, the system was utilized for transmitting military messages to generals. However, there is one issue that has prevented cryptography to be used globally and i.e. The problem of key management. In the scope of cryptography, keys are numerical values that are the inputs of algorithms that are used for modifying information to make it encapsulated and secure, and to make it visible only to the people possessing the required key to decrypt the message and make it visible. Accordingly, the key management concept incorporates safeguards keys and protects them from unauthorized use, as they will only be visible to users only when and where they required. Similarly, the origin of digital signatures came over 100 years ago when people started using Morse code along with the telegraph for electronically exchanging contracts. Likewise, a validated version of electronic signatures emerged from the New Hampshire Supreme Court in the year 1869 (The history of electronic signature laws, n.d), as it states: "It makes no difference whether [the telegraph] operator writes the offer or the acceptance in the presence of his principal and by his express direction, with a steel pen an inch long attached to an ordinary pen holder, or whether his pen be a copper wire a thousand miles long. In either case the thought is communicated to the paper by the use of the finger resting upon the pen; nor does it make any difference that in one case common record ink is used, while in the other case a more subtle fluid, known as electricity, performs the same office." However, another invention followed that facilitated electronic signatures to be used in everyday life involved in the digital exchange of data or

Research Planing Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Planing Proposal - Essay Example To gain competitive advantage, companies need to find the factors that influence buying decision and loyalty of customers, especially in the masstige brand category which is fairly new to commerce, being only half-century or so old (as a recognised category). As the differences between the brands tighten and the differences in the prices gets closer, the customer's perceptions of brand and price, as well as the marketability of a particular masstige product become of increased importance to companies which exist between prestigious and mass-market categories. The rationale is that, if research can better understand the impacts of brand and price on customer purchase habits in relationship to the company marketability, a stronger framework for customer relationships and building customer perceptions towards the masstige products can be built. The ultimate goal of doing so is to promote better marketing procedures for companies in this 'middle class' bracket. Shimp (1999) defined a brand as a label for describing any object of concerted marketing effort. In the context of services marketing therefore, this label can be a name, sign, term, symbol or a design (Krishnan and Hartline, 2001). Brands however can mean different things to different people. These differences largely stem from the way and manner brands can be perceived or understood. A cursory review of the history of brands informs us that customers' perceptions of brands have not been static. It has evolved over the years as understanding of the concept deepened. Clifton (2000) recalled the days when brands were perceived as either bottles of coca cola or cans of Kellogg's and compared it to modern times when the concept can be applied to anything and everybody. Amber (2000) has defined "branding" as an intangible asset built by marketing, and which exists largely in the heads of stakeholders, especially those of the end user. The author further pointed out that if a company got its brand equity right, profits should largely take care of it. The import of this statement can be understood from the components that make the equity of a brand. These are brand awareness and brand image. A brand that people have good knowledge about and can readily recall with favourable associations is an enduring asset to whoever owns it. Furthermore, it would have favourable image and therefore well perceived. Such a brand can be said to have a higher equity or value. It is not too difficult to sell products and services with this brand name tacked on it. Higher volumes of sales at minimal costs transcend into higher profits. From a financial viewpoint, Aaker (1996) defined branding as a set of assets and liabilities linked to a brand, its name and symbol that add to or subtract from the value provided by a service to a firm's customers. He further gave the main